GHK-Cu (Copper Peptide)
Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper
Naturally occurring copper tripeptide with modest clinical evidence for topical skin aging — injectables are unstudied.
Not FDA-approved. Legal cosmetic ingredient topically. Injectable forms are unapproved; FDA Category 2 bulk listing. This page describes research and public discussion; it is not a recommendation to use.
Overview
GHK binds copper and is found in plasma, saliva, and urine, declining with age. Small controlled cosmetic studies show improved skin density and fine lines with topical creams. Injected use, common in clinics, lacks human trials.
Mechanism of action
Stimulates collagen, elastin and glycosaminoglycan synthesis; modulates metalloproteinases; delivers copper for enzymes such as lysyl oxidase.
Benefits & evidence ratings
Dosing
Doses show what has been studied or discussed — not guidance. Always follow your prescriber.
| Source | Dose | Frequency | Duration | Route |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Topical cosmetic studies B Human clinical data | Creams typically 0.05–2% | Twice daily | 8–12 weeks | Topical |
Online / clinic protocols D Anecdotal / community Not derived from controlled human trials. Reported for transparency, not recommendation. | 1–2 mg | Daily | 4–8 weeks | Subcutaneous |
Clinical trials & studies
- Review2015GHK peptide as a natural modulator of multiple cellular pathways in skin regeneration (Review)
Summary of cosmetic trials and gene-expression data.
- Human studyVariousTopical copper peptide in photoaged skin
Small controlled facial cream trials.
Safety
Side effects
- Topical: irritation, rare contact dermatitis
- Injected: site pain, blue-ish discoloration, nodules (anecdotal)
Contraindications
- Wilson's disease or copper sensitivity
- Pregnancy (injectable)
Interactions
- Strong acids (vitamin C, AHAs) may destabilize topical formulations
Long-term safety
Topical use appears safe; injected long-term safety unknown.
Regulatory status
Unapproved / research
Legal cosmetic ingredient topically. Injectable forms are unapproved; FDA Category 2 bulk listing.
FAQ
Commonly discussed alongside
Listing a combination does not mean it has been studied or is safe.